UJI RESISTEN INSEKTISIDA MALATHION TERHADAP NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI DI KOTA TANGERANG
Keywords:
Uji Resistensi, Malathion, Aedes aegypti
Abstract
Penggunaan insektisida untuk pengendalian vektor dalam skala luas secara terus menerus dalam jangka waktu cukup lama dan frekuensi tinggi dapat menimbulkan terjadinya penurunan kerentanan pada nyamuk sasaran. Mulai tahun 2003 malathion digunakan sebagai pengganti insektida peritroid dengan alasan insektisida tersebut berbeda golongan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. aegypti di Kecamatan Neglasari kota Tangerang terhadap insektisida jenis malathion. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen yaitu menentukan status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dengan uji susceptibity terhadap insektisida malathion. Lokasi pengambilan sampel nyamuk Ae. aegypti dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan yang meliputi kota Tangerang dimana wilayah tersebut telah dilakukan penyemprotan insektisida organofosfat dalam pemberantasan nyamuk DBD, dan kelompok pembanding nyamuk Ae. aegypti dari Laboratorium Parasitologi FK – UGM Yogyakarta yang belum terpapar insektisida. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut nyamuk Ae. aegypti belum mengalami resistensi di kelurahan Neglasari masih rentan terhadap insektisida malathion . Disarankan Perlu dilakukan monitoring terhadap penggunaan insektisida malathion, dengan memantau efektivitasnya terhadap nyamuk Ae. aegypti di lokasi tersebut, Malathion perlu di ganti dengan jenis lain dalam aplikasi thermal fogging, karena nyamuk Ae. aegypti di lokasi tersebut sudah resiten, Sebelum dilakukan thermal fogging dengan insektisida, sebaiknya dilakukan uji hayati nyamuk Ae. aegypti di lokasi tersebut terhadap insektisida yang akan digunakan, Penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap kelurahan yang belum diteliti, untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang status kerentanan/resistensi secara menyeluruh.
References
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Hemingway J. and H. Ransom. 2000. Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 45: 371-391
Hardiyanto, S. 1996. Infeksi Subklinis Mycobacterium leprae dan hubungannya dengan Faktor-faktor Risiko di Indonesia. Kajian Seroepidemiologik dan Imunogenetik. Desertasi. UGM. Yogyakarta
Herath, P. 1997. Insecticides Resistance in Disease Vectors and its Practical Implication. WHO. Geneva
Karunaratne SHP and Hemingway J. 2001. Malathion Resistance and Prevalence of the Malathion Carboxylesterase Mecanism in Population of Mosquito Vector of Disease in Sri Langka. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2001; 79(11): 1060 – 1064
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Lee, H.L. 1990. A Rapad and Simple Biochemical Method for the Detection of insecticida Resistance Due to Elevate Esterase Activity in Culex quinquefasciatus. Tropical Biomedicine. 7: 21-26
Lee, H.L. 1991. Esterase Activity and Temephos Susceptibility in Aedes aegypti (L) Larvae. Mosquito Borne Disease Bull. 8: 91-94
Mangara S.G., Sukmono., Kusumadiharja J., Suroso T., Sitjipto, H. 2000. The risk of dengue hamorrhagic fever (DHF) outbreak based on vector density in kurau, Riau province, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Hlth. 31 Suppl 1: 134-9
Mardihusodo, S.J. 1993. Deteksi Dini Resisten Aedes aegypti terhadap malathion dan temefos di Yogyakarta. Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Gadjah Mada. Nomor 14. UGM. Yogyakarta
Mausner and Bahn. 1985. Epidemiology and introductory text, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelpia
Mulyaningsih Budi. 2004. Keanekaragaman Genetik Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae), Vektor Dengue dan Responnya terhadap malation dan temefos, Desertasi. Fakultas Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta
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Oda T., Igarashi A., Hotta S., Fujita N., Funahara Y., Djakaria S., Hudojo R., Isfarain A., and Djohor D. 1983. Important breeding places: cistern, flower vases earthen jars and tins. Interntional center of Medical Research (ICMR). Annals 3:31-76
Reiter P and Gubler D.J. 1997. Surveillance and control of urban dengue vectors. In Gubler D.J. and Kuno G.(Eds). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. CAB International. Pp. 425-462.
Reiter P, Amador M.A., Anderson R.A.and Clark G.G. 1995. Short report: dispersal of Aedes aegypti in an rural urban area after blood feeding as demonstrated by rubidium-marked eggs.Am. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52:177-179
Rezeki S. 2004. Demam Berdarah Dengue. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta
Rhodain and Rosen. 1997. Mosquito vectors and dengue virus-vector relationships. In Gubler D.J. and Kuno G. (Eds) Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. CAB Publication. Pp. 45-60
Rigau-Perez J.G. and Gubler D.J. 1997. Surveillance for dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In Gubler D.J. and Kuno G.(Eds). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. CAB International. Pp. 405-423
Rodriguez M.M., Bisset J.A., Mila L.H., Calvo E., Diaz C and Alain Soca L. 1999 Levels of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in a strain of Aedesaegyptie of Santiago de Cuba. Rev Cubana Med Trop 5:83-88
Rudnick A. 1983. The ecology of the dengue virus complex in Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. Int. Conf. Dengue/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. University of Malaysia Press. Kualalumpur, September 1-3, 1983 (pp.7-15)
Rueda L.M. 2004. Zootzxa; Pictorial keys for the identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with Dengue Vius Transmission. Magnalia Press. Aucland, New zeland
Seng C.M. and Jute N. 1986. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Lawas Districs, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Med. J. Malaysia. 41:310-319
Sigit, S.H. dan Hadi, U.K. 2006. Hama Pemukiman Indonesia (Pengenalan, Biologi dan Pengendalian). Unit Kajian Pengendalian Hama Pemukiman. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Institut Pertanian Bogor
Small, G. 1998. Genetical background of insecticide resistance, Paper Molecular Entomology Workshop, Center for Tropical Medicine Gadjah Mada University. Yogyakarta
Smith C.G.E. 1956. The History of dengue in tropical Asia and its probable relationship to the mosquito Aedes aegypti. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59:3-8
Sucipto, Cecep Dani, 2011, Vektor Penyakit Tropis, Gossyen Publishing, Yogyakarta
Sudijono. 1983. Malathion. Ditjen P3M Depkes RI. Jakarta
Sungkar, S. 2005. Bionomk Aedes aegypti, vector Demam Berdarah Dengue. Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia 55 (4): 384-389
Suroso T. 2000. Development of DHF control policy in Indonesia from 1968 to 2000. Depkes RI. Jakarta
Sutaryo. 2004. Dengue. Medika, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
WHO. 1975. Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria. Part II. Methods and techniques. WHO. Geneva
WHO. Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. 1980. Resistance of Vectors of Diseases to Pesticides. WHO Technical Report Series. No.665. WHO. Geneva 82p
WHO. 1983. Integrated vector control. WHO, Geneva
WHO. 1986. Dengue haemorrhagic fever, diagnosis, treatment and control. WHO Geneva
WHO. 1986. Resistence of vectors and reservoirs of desease to pesticides. WHO Tech Rep Ser 737. WHO. Geneva
WHO Expert Comité on Vector Biology and Control. 1992. Vector Resistance to Pesticide. WHO Technical Report Series. No. 818. WHO. Geneva. 62p
WHO Studi Group. 1995. Vector Control for Malaria and Other Mosquito Borne Diseases. WHO Technical Report Series. No. 857. WHO. Geneva. 91 p
WHO. 2006. Pesticides and Their Application: For the Control of Vectors and Pests of Public Health Importance. WHO/CDS/NTD/WHOPES/GCDPP / 2006.1
Widiarti., Boewono D.T., Widyastuti U., Mujiono. 2004. Uji biokimia kerentanan vector malaria terhadap insektisida organofosfat dan karbamat di propinsi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Yasutomi. K. 1976. Role of detoxication esterase in insecticide resistences in G.P. Georghiou & T. Saiti (ed): Pest Resistance to pesticide. Plenum Press. New York
Brooke. B.D., H.H. Richard, L.K. Lizette, J. Dossou-Yuvo, and C. Maureen. 1999. Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of pyrethroid insecticide resistance in malaria vectors species of An. Gambiae complex. J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 15: 565-568
Brown H.W. 1969. Dasar Parasitologi Klinis. Gramedia Jakarta
Candra Budiman. 2007. Pengantar Kesehatan Lingkungan. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran. EGC
Chareonviriyaphap., Rongnoparut P., Chantarumporn P.J., Bang Michael. 2003. Biochemical detection of pyretroid resistance mechanisms in Anopheles minimus in Thailand. Journal of Vector Ecology. 28: 108-116
Christopher S.R. 1960. Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito. Cambridge Univ Press, London. 307-33
Darwin Akhid. 2008. Status Kerentanan An. Balabacensis dan An. Aconitus Terhadap Insektisida Piretroid Sintetik di Kabupaten Magelang Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tesis. UGM. Yogyakarta
Djojosumarto Panut. 2008. Pestisida & Aplikasinya. PT Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta
Depkes, RI. 2004. Perilaku dan Siklus Hidup Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Sangat Penting Diketahui Dalam Melakukan Kegiatan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk Termasuk Pemantauan Jentik Secara Berkala. Bulletin Harian. Jakarta
Depkes, RI. 2005. Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Indonesia. Bulletin Harian. Jakarta
Depkes, RI. 2005. Pemberantasan Nyamuk Penular Demam Berdarah Dengue. Dirjen Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan. Jakarta
Ffrench-Constant R.H. & Bonning. B.C. 1989. Rapid mictotitre plate test distinguishes insecticide resistant acetylcholinesterase genotypes in mosquitos Anopheles albomanus, An. Negerrimus and Culex pipiens 3. 9-16
Gandahusada., Ilahude S., Pribadi W. 2006. Parasitologi Kedokteran. Ed.III. Balai Penerbit FKUI. Jakarta
Georghiou, G.P. and R.B. Mellon. 1983. Pesticide Resistence in Time and Space. In: Pest Resistence to Pesticides (Eds. G.P. Georghiou & T. Saito). Plenum Press, New York. P. 1-46
Georghiou, G.P. 1986. The Magnitude of Resistance Problem. Pesticide Resistance. National Academy Press. Washington
Hamington L.C., Edman J.D and Scott T.W. 2000. Why do Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) feed preferentially on human blood. J. Med. Entomol 38:411-422
Hemingway J and C. Smith. 1986a. Field and laboratory Detection of the Altered Acetylcholine esterase Resistance genes Which Confer Organophosphate and Carbamat Resistance in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Bulletin Entomological Research. 76: 559-565
Hemingway J. and H. Ransom. 2000. Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 45: 371-391
Hardiyanto, S. 1996. Infeksi Subklinis Mycobacterium leprae dan hubungannya dengan Faktor-faktor Risiko di Indonesia. Kajian Seroepidemiologik dan Imunogenetik. Desertasi. UGM. Yogyakarta
Herath, P. 1997. Insecticides Resistance in Disease Vectors and its Practical Implication. WHO. Geneva
Karunaratne SHP and Hemingway J. 2001. Malathion Resistance and Prevalence of the Malathion Carboxylesterase Mecanism in Population of Mosquito Vector of Disease in Sri Langka. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2001; 79(11): 1060 – 1064
Kusbaryanto, Mardihusodo SJ, Tjokrosonto S. 2002. Deteksi resistensi larva Culex quinquefasciatus say terhadap malathion dengan teknik bercak kertas saring di Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, J.Ked.Yarsi 2002; 10(1): 14 – 25
Lee, H.L. 1990. A Rapad and Simple Biochemical Method for the Detection of insecticida Resistance Due to Elevate Esterase Activity in Culex quinquefasciatus. Tropical Biomedicine. 7: 21-26
Lee, H.L. 1991. Esterase Activity and Temephos Susceptibility in Aedes aegypti (L) Larvae. Mosquito Borne Disease Bull. 8: 91-94
Mangara S.G., Sukmono., Kusumadiharja J., Suroso T., Sitjipto, H. 2000. The risk of dengue hamorrhagic fever (DHF) outbreak based on vector density in kurau, Riau province, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Hlth. 31 Suppl 1: 134-9
Mardihusodo, S.J. 1993. Deteksi Dini Resisten Aedes aegypti terhadap malathion dan temefos di Yogyakarta. Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Gadjah Mada. Nomor 14. UGM. Yogyakarta
Mausner and Bahn. 1985. Epidemiology and introductory text, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelpia
Mulyaningsih Budi. 2004. Keanekaragaman Genetik Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae), Vektor Dengue dan Responnya terhadap malation dan temefos, Desertasi. Fakultas Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta
Mulyaningsih Budi. 2003. Penentuan Status Resistensi Larva Aedes albopictus Skuse dari beberapa populasi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta terhadap Insektisida Organofosfat dengan cara mengukur aktivitas Esterase Nonspesifik. Hasil Penelitian. FK. UGM. Yogyakarta
Nelson. D.R., L. Koymans, T. Kamataki, J.J. Stegman, R. Feyereisen, D.J. Waxman, M.R. Waterman, O. Gotoh, M.J. Coon, R.W. Eastbrook, I.C. Gunsalus, and D.W. Nebert. 1996. P450 superfamily. Update onnew squences. Gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature numbers Pharmacogene tics 6: 1-42
Oda T., Igarashi A., Hotta S., Fujita N., Funahara Y., Djakaria S., Hudojo R., Isfarain A., and Djohor D. 1983. Important breeding places: cistern, flower vases earthen jars and tins. Interntional center of Medical Research (ICMR). Annals 3:31-76
Reiter P and Gubler D.J. 1997. Surveillance and control of urban dengue vectors. In Gubler D.J. and Kuno G.(Eds). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. CAB International. Pp. 425-462.
Reiter P, Amador M.A., Anderson R.A.and Clark G.G. 1995. Short report: dispersal of Aedes aegypti in an rural urban area after blood feeding as demonstrated by rubidium-marked eggs.Am. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52:177-179
Rezeki S. 2004. Demam Berdarah Dengue. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta
Rhodain and Rosen. 1997. Mosquito vectors and dengue virus-vector relationships. In Gubler D.J. and Kuno G. (Eds) Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. CAB Publication. Pp. 45-60
Rigau-Perez J.G. and Gubler D.J. 1997. Surveillance for dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In Gubler D.J. and Kuno G.(Eds). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. CAB International. Pp. 405-423
Rodriguez M.M., Bisset J.A., Mila L.H., Calvo E., Diaz C and Alain Soca L. 1999 Levels of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in a strain of Aedesaegyptie of Santiago de Cuba. Rev Cubana Med Trop 5:83-88
Rudnick A. 1983. The ecology of the dengue virus complex in Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. Int. Conf. Dengue/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. University of Malaysia Press. Kualalumpur, September 1-3, 1983 (pp.7-15)
Rueda L.M. 2004. Zootzxa; Pictorial keys for the identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with Dengue Vius Transmission. Magnalia Press. Aucland, New zeland
Seng C.M. and Jute N. 1986. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Lawas Districs, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Med. J. Malaysia. 41:310-319
Sigit, S.H. dan Hadi, U.K. 2006. Hama Pemukiman Indonesia (Pengenalan, Biologi dan Pengendalian). Unit Kajian Pengendalian Hama Pemukiman. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Institut Pertanian Bogor
Small, G. 1998. Genetical background of insecticide resistance, Paper Molecular Entomology Workshop, Center for Tropical Medicine Gadjah Mada University. Yogyakarta
Smith C.G.E. 1956. The History of dengue in tropical Asia and its probable relationship to the mosquito Aedes aegypti. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59:3-8
Sucipto, Cecep Dani, 2011, Vektor Penyakit Tropis, Gossyen Publishing, Yogyakarta
Sudijono. 1983. Malathion. Ditjen P3M Depkes RI. Jakarta
Sungkar, S. 2005. Bionomk Aedes aegypti, vector Demam Berdarah Dengue. Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia 55 (4): 384-389
Suroso T. 2000. Development of DHF control policy in Indonesia from 1968 to 2000. Depkes RI. Jakarta
Sutaryo. 2004. Dengue. Medika, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
WHO. 1975. Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria. Part II. Methods and techniques. WHO. Geneva
WHO. Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. 1980. Resistance of Vectors of Diseases to Pesticides. WHO Technical Report Series. No.665. WHO. Geneva 82p
WHO. 1983. Integrated vector control. WHO, Geneva
WHO. 1986. Dengue haemorrhagic fever, diagnosis, treatment and control. WHO Geneva
WHO. 1986. Resistence of vectors and reservoirs of desease to pesticides. WHO Tech Rep Ser 737. WHO. Geneva
WHO Expert Comité on Vector Biology and Control. 1992. Vector Resistance to Pesticide. WHO Technical Report Series. No. 818. WHO. Geneva. 62p
WHO Studi Group. 1995. Vector Control for Malaria and Other Mosquito Borne Diseases. WHO Technical Report Series. No. 857. WHO. Geneva. 91 p
WHO. 2006. Pesticides and Their Application: For the Control of Vectors and Pests of Public Health Importance. WHO/CDS/NTD/WHOPES/GCDPP / 2006.1
Widiarti., Boewono D.T., Widyastuti U., Mujiono. 2004. Uji biokimia kerentanan vector malaria terhadap insektisida organofosfat dan karbamat di propinsi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Yasutomi. K. 1976. Role of detoxication esterase in insecticide resistences in G.P. Georghiou & T. Saiti (ed): Pest Resistance to pesticide. Plenum Press. New York
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2015-04-30
How to Cite
Sucipto, C., Kuswandi, K., & Siswanto, B. (2015). UJI RESISTEN INSEKTISIDA MALATHION TERHADAP NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI DI KOTA TANGERANG. Jurnal Medikes (Media Informasi Kesehatan), 2(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.36743/medikes.v2i1.136
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