PENDAMPINGAN PSIKOEDUKASI: PENGUATAN CARING OLEH CAREGIVER KELUARGA TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36743/medikes.v7i1.206Keywords:
caring, caregiver keluarga, pendampingan, psikoedukasi keluarga, keluarga orang dengan gangguan jiwa.Abstract
Keluarga sebagai caregiver berperan krusial dalam mendampingi penderita gangguan jiwa dalam menjalani kehdupan sehari-hari. Namun demikian, diketahui bahwa peran yang dijalani keluarga tersebut masih belum optimal, sehingga diperlukan pendampingan psikoedukasi. Pendampingan psikoedukasi menjadi penting untuk memperkuat caring pada caregiver keluarga ketika merawat anggota keluarganya yang menderita gangguan jiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat anggota keluarganya yang mengalami gangguan jiwa. Metode kuasi eksperimen, one group pre test-post test, dengan intervensi pendampingan psikoedukasi terdiri atas 3 sessi, dilakukan dengan mengunjungi 32 keluarga penderita di rumahnya. Setiap keluarga dikunjungi 3 kali dalam 3 bulan dan keluarga mendapatkan penyuluhan menggunakan media audiovisual disertai diskusi serta mendemonstrasikan cara merawat penderita gangguan jiwa. Pemutaran video secara berulang meningkatkan pengetahuan keluarga sehingga mereka mampu mengidentifikasi permasalahan gangguan jiwa, ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya pengetahuan seluruh responden dan diketahui bahwa pendampingan psikoedukasi keluarga berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan keluarga tentang gangguan jiwa, dengan p value 0.0001. Terjadi peningkatan prosentase keluarga yang mampu mendemonstrasikan cara merawat penderita dengan baik, yang semula berjumlah 59,38% meningkat menjadi 76,50% setelah pendampingan psikoedukasi keluarga. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendampingan psikoedukasi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif dan psikomotor caregiver keluarga dalam merawat anggota keluarganya yang menderita gangguan jiwa.
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Suryani, Komariah, M., & Karlin, W. (2014). Familie’s perception towards schizophrenia. Padjadjaran Nursing Journal, 2(2), 124–132.
Tsang, H. W. H., Ching, S. C., Tang, K. H., Lam, H. T., Law, P. Y. Y., & Wan, C. N. (2016). Therapeutic intervention for internalized stigma of severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 173(1-2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.013
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World Health Organization. (2014). Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. Geneva.
Yildirim, Z., Ertem, D. H., Ceyhan Dirican, A., & Baybas, S. (2019). Who is the bigger stigmatizor?: The loved one or the society. Epilepsy and Behavior, 96, 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.04.013
Yu, S., Kowitt, S. D., Fisher, E. B., & Li, G. (2018). Mental Health in China: Stigma, Family Obligations, and the Potential of Peer Support. Community Mental Health Journal, 54(6), 757–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-017-0182-z.
Bonanno, G. a., & Burton, C. L. (2013). Regulatory Flexibility: An Individual Differences Perspective on Coping and Emotion Regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 591–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504116
Chan, S. W. (2011). Global Perspective of Burden of Family Caregivers for Persons With Schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 25(5), 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2011.03.008
Chan, S. Y. Y., Ho, G. W. K., & Bressington, D. (2019). Experiences of self-stigmatization and parenting in Chinese mothers with severe mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28(2), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12558
Corrigan, P. W., Druss, B. G., & Perlick, D. A. (2014). The Impact of Mental Illness Stigma on Seeking and Participating in Mental Health Care. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 15(2), 37–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100614531398
Corrigan, P. W., & Shapiro, J. (2011). Stigma of Mental Illness. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(8), 907–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.004.Measuring
Dalky, H. F., Qandil, A. M., Natour, A. S., & Janet, M. C. (2017). Quality of Life, Stigma and Burden Perception Among Family Caregivers and Patients with Psychiatric Illnesses in Jordan. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(3), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-016-0028-0
Ellen Selman, L., Fox, F., Aabe, N., Turner, K., Rai, D., & Redwood, S. (2018). “You are labelled by your children”s disability’–A community-based, participatory study of stigma among Somali parents of children with autism living in the United Kingdom. Ethnicity and Health, 23(7), 781–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2017.1294663
Gharavi, Y., Stringer, B., Hoogendoorn, A., Boogaarts, J., Van Raaij, B., & Van Meijel, B. (2018). Evaluation of an interaction-skills training for reducing the burden of family caregivers of patients with severe mental illness: A pre-posttest design. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1669-z
Goldberg, Z. E., Chin, N. P., Alio, A., Williams, G., & Morse, D. S. (2019). A Qualitative Analysis of Family Dynamics and Motivation in Sessions With 15 Women in Drug Treatment Court. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 13, 117822181881884. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221818818846
Janardhana, N., Raghunandan, S., Naidu, D., Saraswathi, L., & Seshan, V. (2015). Care giving of people with severe mental illness: An Indian experience. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37(2), 184. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.155619
Jorm, A. F. (2012). Mental health literacy; empowering the community to take action for better mental health. American Psychologist, 67(3), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025957
Kementerian Kesehatan. (2018). Potret sehat indonesia dari riskesdas 2018.
Kertchok, R., Yunibhand, J., & Chaiyawat, W. (2011). Creating a new whole: Helping families of people with schizophrenia. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 20(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2010.00706.x
Link, B. G., Struening, E. L., Neese-Todd, S., Asmussen, S., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). The Consequences of Stigma for the Self-Esteem of People With Mental Illnesses. Psychiatric Services, 52(12), 1621–1626. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.12.1621
Manley, G. (2013). Public Access NIH Public Access, 71(2), 233–236. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.182.doi
Min, J. A., Lee, C. U., & Lee, C. (2013). Mental health promotion and illness prevention: A challenge for psychiatrists. Psychiatry Investigation, 10(4), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2013.10.4.307
O’Shay-Wallace, S. (2019). “We Weren’t Raised that Way”: Using Stigma Management Communication Theory to Understand How Families Manage the Stigma of Substance Abuse. Health Communication, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1567443
Pérez, J. J. N., & Marqués, Á. C. (2018). Family burden, social support and community health in caregivers of people with serious mental disorder. Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem Da U S P, 52, e03351. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017029403351
Rohanah, Suyatini. (2018). Kualitas hidup lansia di Kelurahan Karangsari Tangerang tahun 2017. Jurnal Medikes. 5(2). p 168-173.
Sharif, F., Mahmoudi, A., Alavi Shooshtari, A., & Vossoughi, M. (2016). The effect of family-centered psycho-education on mental health and quality of life of families of adolescents with bipolar mood disorder: A randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 4(3), 229–238.
Shi, Y., Shao, Y., Li, H., Wang, S., Ying, J., Zhang, M., … Sun, J. (2019). Correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 26(1-2), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12505
Shiraishi, N., Watanabe, N., Katsuki, F., Sakaguchi, H., & Akechi, T. (2019). Effectiveness of the Japanese standard family psychoeducation on the mental health of caregivers of young adults with schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2252-y
Singh, A., Mattoo, S., & Grover, S. (2016). Stigma and its correlates in patients with schizophrenia attending a general hospital psychiatric unit. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 58(3), 291. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.192024
Suryani, Komariah, M., & Karlin, W. (2014). Familie’s perception towards schizophrenia. Padjadjaran Nursing Journal, 2(2), 124–132.
Tsang, H. W. H., Ching, S. C., Tang, K. H., Lam, H. T., Law, P. Y. Y., & Wan, C. N. (2016). Therapeutic intervention for internalized stigma of severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 173(1-2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.013
Weinmann, S., & Koesters, M. (2016). Mental health service provision in low and middle-income countries: Recent developments. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 29(4), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000256
World Health Organization. (2014). Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. Geneva.
Yildirim, Z., Ertem, D. H., Ceyhan Dirican, A., & Baybas, S. (2019). Who is the bigger stigmatizor?: The loved one or the society. Epilepsy and Behavior, 96, 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.04.013
Yu, S., Kowitt, S. D., Fisher, E. B., & Li, G. (2018). Mental Health in China: Stigma, Family Obligations, and the Potential of Peer Support. Community Mental Health Journal, 54(6), 757–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-017-0182-z.
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2020-05-31
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Kusumawaty, I. (2020). PENDAMPINGAN PSIKOEDUKASI: PENGUATAN CARING OLEH CAREGIVER KELUARGA TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA. Jurnal Medikes (Media Informasi Kesehatan), 7(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.36743/medikes.v7i1.206
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